Public Relations

Youth and Socialization

A.    YOUTH

Youth is a generation that his back burdened various expectations. This hope is the next generation, the generation that will continue the struggle for the previous generation. Youth must be equipped with the potential that this potential will be qualified human resources. Therefore the potential to be worked in accordance with the principles, direction and destination development, proper coaching.

B.     SOCIALIZATION

            Socialization describes a process which may lead to desirable, or 'moral', outcomes in the opinion of said society. Individual views on certain issues, such as race or economics, are influenced by the view of the society at large and become a "normal" and acceptable outlook or value to have within a society. Many sociopolitical theories postulate that socialization provides only a partial explanation for human beliefs and behaviors, maintaining that agents are not 'blank slates' predetermined by their environment. Scientific research provides some evidence that people might be shaped by both social influences and genes. Genetic studies have shown that a person's environment interacts with his or her genotype to influence behavioral outcomes.

            Socialization is the process by which human infants begin to acquire the skills necessary to perform as a functioning member of their society, and is the most influential learning process one can experience. Unlike many other living species, whose behavior is biologically set, humans need social experiences to learn their culture and to survive. Although cultural variability manifests in the actions, customs, and behaviors of whole social groups (societies), the most fundamental expression of culture is found at the individual level. This expression can only occur after an individual has been socialized by his or her parents, family, extended family, and extended social networks. This reflexive process of both learning and teaching is how cultural and social characteristics attain continuity. Many scientists say socialization essentially represents the whole process of learning throughout the life course and is a central influence on the behavior, beliefs, and actions of adults as well as of children.

            So, the process of socialization of the young generation is a process that is very determine the ability of youth to adapt themselves in the midst of community life. Therefore, at this stage of development and coaching, a young man is expected to select the potential that exists in order to control himself and was able to have a high social motivation.

            Sumber            :

                        http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialization

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Basic Social

Individual, Family and Community

A.    DEFINITION OF INDIVIDUAL

Individuals derived from the Latin word, "individuum": "undivided". The individual is the name for being a stand-alone, the individual also does not mean that humans can not be divided, but as a finite entity, namely the human individual. Individual is a man who not only has a special role in the social environment, but also has a specific personality and behavior of himself. Individuals in private by, there are three possibilities: deviate from the norm, loss of individuality or submission to the collective, and affect society as their hero or vandals. These people (people) are creatures tend to stand alone, but in many cases they will be together with each other even though a lot of different characteristics. Like similar but not the same, the older the more advanced and more and more a variety of levels of civilization.

An individual human beings in meaning  is not only whole body and soul, but every human being is a unique private, according to his personality patterns, including the skills yourself. Johnson said, "... persons are what they are always in a social context. ... The solitary person is unreal, abstract, artificial, abnormal ... "
The presence of individuals in the community, usually characterized by the behavior of individuals who try to put yourself in front of other people. Here, the individual will try to shape the behavior that is consistent with the existing circumstances and habits. Behavior that has existed in him can adjustable. But he can also experience maladjustment. This character which embody human behavior itself. Man as an individual is always at the center of a group of individuals who at once and maturity to be private. The process of the individual to be personal, not only supported and inhibited by himself, but also supported and inhibited by the group around.

B.      DEFINITIONS FAMILY

The family is the unit of the smallest communities which constitute a small group in society. This group is usually known as the primary group. This gave rise to groups of individuals with various forms of personality in society.

The family usually consists of a husband (father), wife (mother) and their children. This child will develop and begin to see and know the meaning of herself, then learn about something. In the end all that will give an individual experience, and from here he became known as an individual. The family has a role as the first group of individuals known very direct impact on the development of the individual before and after assimilate into society.

The family has a function and the function of the family is a job or a task that must be carried out within or by the family.
Various functions of the family:
a. Biological function              :           Successor descent.
b. Maintenance Functions       :           Mutual protect, maintain and care for.
c. Economic Functions            :           Organizing basic needs.
d. Religious Function               :           Practice religious teachings. e. Social function                     :           Introduce values in society.

C. UNDERSTANDING SOCIETY

A community is a group of people who have had the order of life, norms, customs equally observed in the environment. In society there are parents and children, mothers and fathers, grandparents and grandchildren, fellow men and women. They are all soluble in an orderly and integrated life in a human group.
Society can be classified into:
a.         Simple community

           In this environment, the community is simple (primitive) tend to divide the work  

           between the gender. 

b.         Forward society

Advanced society has a variety of social groups grow and evolve based on the needs and specific  

objectives to be achieved.  

In advanced societies, can be divided into:   

a. Non-Industrial Society   

b. Industrial society


Sumber : 
https://faisaladamsyah.wordpress.com
suci_k.staff.gunadarma.ac.id/ 

Basic Social Sciences

Social Solidarity 

Solidarity 

Solidarity is unity (as of a group or class) that produces or is based on universities of interests, objectives, standards, and sympathies. It refers to the ties in a society that bind people together as one. The term is generally employed in sociology and the other social sciences as well as in philosophy or in Catholic social teaching.

What forms the basis of solidarity varies between societies. In simple societies it may be mainly based around kinship and shared values. In more complex societies there are various theories as to what contributes to a sense of social solidarity.

Solidarity is also one of six principles of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union.

 

Durkheim

            According to Émile Durkheim, the types of social solidarity correlate with types of society. Durkheim introduced the terms "mechanical" and "organic solidarity" as part of his theory of the development of societies in The Division of Labour in Society (1893).

In a society exhibiting mechanical solidarity, its cohesion and integration comes from the homogeneity of individuals—people feel connected through similar work, educational and religious training, and lifestyle.

Mechanical solidarity normally operates in "traditional" and small scale societies. In simpler societies (e.g., tribal), solidarity is usually based on kinship ties of familial networks. Organic solidarity comes from the interdependence that arises from specialization of work and the complementarities between people—a development which occurs in "modern" and "industrial" societies.

 Definition: it is social cohesion based upon the dependence individuals have on each other in more advanced societies.

Although individuals perform different tasks and often have different values and interest, the order and very solidarity of society depends on their reliance on each other to perform their specified tasks.

Organic here is referring to the interdependence of the component parts. Thus social solidarity is maintained in more complex societies through the interdependence of its component parts (e.g., farmers produce the food to feed the factory workers who produce the tractors that allow the farmer to produce the food).

Peter Kropotkin

A connection between the biological and the social was of principal importance for the idea of solidarity as expressed by the anarchist ideologist and former Prince Peter Kropotkin (1842–1921). In his most famous book "Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution" (1902), written partly in response to Huxleyan Social Darwinism, Kropotkin studied the use of cooperation as a survival mechanism in human societies at their various stages, as well as with animals.

According to him, mutual aid, or cooperation, within a species has been an important factor in the evolution of social institutions. Solidarity is essential for mutual aid; supportive activity towards other people does not result from the expectation of reward, but rather from instinctive feelings of solidarity.

In his introduction to the book, Kropotkin wrote: “The number and importance of mutual-aid institutions which were developed by the creative genius of the savage and half-savage masses, during the earliest clan-period of mankind and still more during the next village-community period, and the immense influence which these early institutions have exercised upon the subsequent development of mankind, down to the present times, induced me to extend my researches to the later, historical periods as well; especially, to study that most interesting period – the free medieval city republics, whose universality and influence upon our modern civilization have not yet been duly appreciated.

And finally, I have tried to indicate in brief the immense importance which the mutual-support instincts, inherited by mankind from its extremely long evolution, play even now in our modern society, which is supposed to rest upon the principle "every one for himself, and the State for all," but which it never has succeeded, nor will succeed in realizing”.

Kropotkin advocated an alternative economic and social system, which would be coordinated through a horizontal network of voluntary associations with goods distributed in compliance with the physical needs of the individual, rather than according to labor.

Use in philosophy

            Solidarity is an emerging concept in contemporary philosophy – it is subject to ongoing studies in various subfields of ethics and political philosophy. One notable approach in bioethics is to identify solidarity primarily as a three-tiered practice enacted at the interpersonal, communal, and contractual and legal levels.

This approach is driven by the quest to differentiate between the diverse applications of the concept and to clarify its meaning, both historically and in terms of its potential as a fruitful concept for contemporary moral, social and political issues.

 

So, Social solidarity is a commitment shared national identity at the same time which consists of the attitudes and behavior based on the understanding, awareness, confidence, responsibility and social participation according to the ability of each resident. 
Social Solidarity is the Basic Value of Social Welfare, social sense in the community continue to be explored, developed and utilized in realizing the nation's aspiration for a state that Welfare Society. Social solidarity is a value that is meaningful to each nation. The soul and spirit of social solidarity in the life of the nation has existed since the days of a country not yet exist.

Resources      :   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solidarity

                         http://politik.kompasiana.com/2014/02/22/kesetiakawanan-sosial-sebagai-kekuatan-nasionalisme-baru-indonesia-634858.html